Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract and Ethanol Fractions of Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum) Spines from Lemukutan Waters, West Kalimantan Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Etanol Pada Duri Landak Laut (Diadema setosum) Dari Perairan Lemukutan Kalimantan Barat Menggunakan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
Abstract
Diadema setosum merupakan landak laut yang memiliki duri dan berpotensi mengandung metabolit sekunder bioaktif, namun informasi mengenai toksisitas ekstrak etanol dan fraksi yang berasal dari durinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder dan mengevaluasi toksisitas sampel D. setosum yang diperoleh dari Perairan Lemukutan, Kalimantan Barat, menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Duri dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, kemudian dipartisi secara berturut-turut menggunakan n-heksana, diklorometana, dan etil asetat, sedangkan fraksi etanol dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum (KCV). Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid, dan fenolik, sedangkan fraksi etanol mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan fenolik. Uji toksisitas dilakukan terhadap larva Artemia salina berumur 48 jam selama 24 jam pada konsentrasi 50–1000 mg/L dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier. Nilai LC₅₀ FG-4, FG-5, dan ekstrak etanol berturut-turut sebesar 950; 102,83; dan 66,44 mg/L. FG-5 menunjukkan toksisitas paling kuat serta hubungan konsentrasi–respons yang paling konsisten (R² = 0,99). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa duri D. setosum berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif dan perlu dikaji lebih lanjut melalui isolasi berpanduan bioassay serta identifikasi struktur senyawa.
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